Economic Factors Affecting The Economy - 1459 Words

Economic factors The primary cause that evolves from most studies is `indebtedness’ (87%-93%). A farmer gets indebted when his/her return from the yield is not as much as he expected and he becomes unable to pay the loan, which he might have taken for productive purpose, social purpose or to meet his immediate consumption needs. Indebtedness is quite evident in most of the affected districts. In Kerala indebtedness is higher compared to national average due to availability of good informal and formal credit facilities, cash crop production and higher value of assets per households. Almost all the states which reports farmer suicide are drought prone (except Kerala) and if not, faced problem of deficient rainfall during the period of crisis causing crop failure (41%). The regions also lacked in irrigation facilities. Irrigation is an implicit cause of indebtedness, as many farmers take loan to dig well. A study of 50 deceased farmers in Warangal district shows that, well is the largest source of irrigation for about three-fourths of the farmers. Only about one-third of the wells were dug under the subsidy schemes of the government. In the rest of the cases farmers themselves have borne the expenses for the digging of the wells Dependence on rain fed agricultural also one of the reason for farmer suicide. Due to there is no water in that area the overall agriculture is dependent on the rain that falls in the area. So if the amount of rain happened is good and sufficientShow MoreRelatedFactors of Economic Development1163 Words   |  5 PagesFactors of economic development Economic development involves actions that are sustained and concerted by policy makers and the entire community. These actions lead to improved standards of living as well as the economic health within a specified area either in the local, regional or global environment. 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Based on the above discussion, STEP analysis has been chosen to analyse the macro-environment to diagnose the external influences that are affecting Goldman Sachs. Social factors: Social factors which affected a firm involve the attitudes, beliefs, opinions of a person in the external environmentRead MoreUnderstandin How Market Works in Practice1491 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent type of economy. Command economy, free market economy and mixed economy. Command economy, the majority of factor of production to be within state control, production and distribution decisions by the state is done from the economic system. It is the opposite of a free market economy. That state is the owner of the factory and the field. What people should consume, what goods should be produced to such questions as the state is giving its sole discretion. 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Some examples of environmental forces, which may present threats to Wal-Mart, are economic, political and legal forces. Being the world’s largestRead MoreIndia Is A Global Agricultural Powerhouse Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pageshowever plays a major role in the Indian economy. It is the largest in the production of wheat, rice and cotton. Multiple factors have influenced the growth of India’s agricultural sector which includes the growth of consumption, household income and expansion in agricultural exports. There has been a rise in private p articipation in Indian agriculture and the use of information technology in the agricultural industry. However, India suffered its own economic downturn in 2008-09, when production outputRead MoreThe Growth Of The Internet1030 Words   |  5 Pagessubscribe for online video content. Conceptualization of transaction cost economies is important in making decision to subscribe for online video streaming. 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Educational Development Theories Free Essays

Understanding human development is considered the key towards maximizing the potentials of every student in the classroom. Developments in various fields, such anthropology, psychology, and biology have contributed largely to reinventing education in the last century. Research is given a central role in shaping â€Å"children’s education and experiences in schools† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Development Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4). The advances in related fields and the increasing support from research have prompted educators to be reflective and evaluative about pedagogy and curriculum in an effort to ensure that the best learning environment is provided. In short, teachers now have comprehensive tools to guarantee that no child is left behind. Any child that sets foot into the classroom carries with him/her a myriad of experiences and background; thus, making it essential to perceive the child in relation to the systems and dynamics that surround him/her. â€Å"All areas of development depend on the context of children’s lives—children’s experiences in families, schools, neighborhoods, community organizations, cultural and ethnic groups, and society at large† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 5). Learning does not happen in isolation and it is how these various contexts that play out during developmental years that significantly affect his/her experiences in school. To illustrate the impact of context to development a case study is presented in this paper of an eight year old child, Tonya, attending first grade. After a discussion of the student’s classroom behavior, the developmental milestones for her age will be presented. These stages of development will be contextualized with the socio-cultural background of the student. Having created a picture of the circumstances of the student, I will then propose an analysis of the situation of the student drawing from educational development theories. Ethical considerations for the case study will then be discussed, followed by recommendations to improve the schooling and learning outcomes of the student. Tonya literally stood out in her class, not only because she was big for her age, but also because she was older than the rest of the class having been retained in kindergarten. At eight years old, she was attending a first grade class. Tonya was observed to display disruptive behaviors such as bossing and bullying other children, stealing items from others, or talking them into trading their things (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010). The teacher received complaints from both students and parents that she was also stealing food from her classmate’s lunchboxes. Tonya’s behavior can be described as atypical for other children of her age, and required serious attention. The period from six to ten years old is often referred to as middle childhood. There is continued differentiation of fine motor skills, although the growth in height and weight slows down and only picks up later on during the adolescent stage. Development of fine motor skills is reflected in illustrations that are â€Å"organized and detailed and include some depth cues† (Berk, 2009, p. 7). Moreover, such developments allowed for wider range of activities in play, sports and household chores. Often, parents start to build responsibility among their children by assigning them chores at home such as cooking, cleaning, and looking after their siblings. Middle childhood is also a period of active neural developments that manifest in increasing integration of cognitive processes. They are learning to read and write, as well as perform basic mathematical computations (i. e. addition and subtraction). In addition, they are beginning to express themselves creatively. There is also a marked improvement in verbal expressions, and are becoming more aware of the concept of rules with peers and parents. Thus, they are learning to grasp the concepts of cause and effect better. The socio-emotional development of children from six to ten years old is marked by development of emotional states in relation to the people around them. This accompanied by an increasing social network of peers and friends. At this stage, children become more aware of pride and guilt, and are more likely to conform to good behavior. Pro-social behaviors are observed when dealing with peers, especially as they learn to build friendships based on trust and assistance. It can be deduced that at this stage, children start to develop their moral compass and respond to others with sensitivity and better judgment. In the case of Tonya discussed above, it is apparent that the socio-emotional milestone expected for her age group was not been met. Instead of displaying pro-social behavior, she is disruptive in class, and clearly is not developing friendships that are based on mutual trust and assistance. She is actually behaving exactly the opposite. In addition, having been retained in Kindergarten may be a good indicator of some cognitive delays as well. However, physically, she has developed as expected, and has the capacities and skills to perform manual tasks for her age. In fact, the report from the teacher emphasized the point that Tonya had to take care of her three-year old brother before going to school. Knowing Tonya’s family background was the key to helping her curb the problematic behavior in school. Her physical development coupled with the responsibilities she had at home required healthy food and supplement, which was not available for her because her mother had lupus, and her step-father was permanently disabled. Children’s experiences within their families are especially important to their health† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 149). Tonya was not provided with essential dietary supplement which triggered her decision to steal food from her classmates. Moreover, although she was entitled to free lunches, she was not aware of this, and there was no adult who facilitated the process of availing this service. Tonya’s behavior severely disrupted the possibility of developing friendships. Her reputation made it difficult to gain the trust and respect of her peers. However, the teacher’s intervention helped Tonya discern what was right and wrong. Tonya responded to the intervention positively, and changed tremendously. Because of the situation at home, Tonya lacked a role model and the constant guidance of the parents to help her maximize her potentials, both cognitively and socio-emotionally. The change in Tonya’s behavior and understanding of the consequences of her actions are good indicators of sound judgment and comprehension skills. It is highly plausible that retention in Kindergarten may have been caused by socio-emotional problems, rather than cognitive difficulties. Drawing ideas from prominent educational theorists, Piaget, Vgotsky and Erickson, can be helpful to facilitate learning for Tonya, and hopefully accelerate her so she achieves the proper grade level for her age. Jean Piaget coined the term â€Å"concrete operational stage† for children ages seven to eleven years old. At this stage, children have developed the concept of â€Å"conservation. † â€Å"The child can think logically about very concrete objects, categories and principles† (Coon Mitterer, 2010, p. 99). Thus, it is essential for the teacher to pay special attention to Tonya’s development of mathematical skills, and its relation to other subjects, such as science. Once she gains mastery, she will gain confidence as well in performing tasks, and this is essential for her to work towards reaching her expected levels. Providing Tonya with hands-on experiences will further facilitate her learning. Judging from the circumstances that surround Tonya, it is highly challenging for her to successfully develop according to the developmental milestones. As explained by Vygotsky’s (1978) zone of proximal development (ZPD), â€Å"human learning presupposes a specific social nature and a process by which children grow into the intellectual life of those around them† (as cited in Slee, 2002, p. 209). One of the contemporary proponents of ZPD, Wood (1988) further outlines the instructional options for mothers of children between four and five years old: â€Å"(i) general verbal encouragement; (ii) specific verbal instruction; (iii) assistance in choosing materials for a task; (iv) preparing materials for assembly in a task; (v) demonstration† (Ibid). With Tonya’s family background, maternal interaction has been limited, and from her early years, she has missed out on the developmental opportunities. Vygotsky’s (1978) ZPD highlights the role of the adult in facilitating the learning of children. Compared to Piaget however, he approaches the development in a more qualitative, rather than quantitative perspective and is more liberal on the expected abilities of the children. It highlights the role of the adult, and in the case study, Tonya’s teacher to provide the guidance that she is not able to acquire in the home. Furthermore, it will require effort in integrating Tonya in the class considering her past behavior towards her classmates. Vygotsky’s (1978) theory emphasizes the role of adults and peers in the learning of the individual. I consider it meaningful to highlight Erickson’s psychosocial theory because Tonya’s case is hinged on her socio-emotional experiences which have serious implications on her psychological state. At her age, the basic conflict as identified by Erickson is â€Å"industry versus inferiority† (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2010, October). School becomes more formalized, and children have to adjust to the new environment while meeting the demands in academics. Competence is achieved through successful attempts, while failure breeds feelings of inferiority. An eight year old joining a first grade class sets the stage for inferiority, and the teacher must be proactive in creating measures to make Tonya feel competent. Encouraging words and positive reinforcement can help her gain confidence and advance academically. At this point, it is highly important to focus on building her confidence first, so she is able to take risks and work further towards building her competencies. The role of the teacher in assisting students like Tonya always stands out. The teacher becomes the architect who shapes the conditions that will benefit the students more. Going back to the teacher’s narration in this case study, it may be observed that the intervention highly suggested by the principal violates the ethical standards set by the National Education Association. The principal’s suggestion of punishment which consisted of a month without recess not only puts the child in danger, but also becomes an additional cause for further disruptive behavior. The teacher though, may have violated the code as well by disclosing the decision of the principal in published material which has the possibility of causing harm to the principal’s profession. However, the teacher made a wise decision about visiting the family, and examining the conditions before taking any action. Doing so allowed her to find better solutions without compromising the health of the student. It is hoped that the teacher did not give her real name so as not to compromise the school and the principal. Although the problem was resolved, there were still administrative matters that she hopefully handled properly, and exercising due confidentiality. Reference http://www.nea.org/home/30442.htm How to cite Educational Development Theories, Essay examples

Mirror Dance Essay Example For Students

Mirror Dance Essay Mirror DanceThere are some paintings that simply capture the essence of life within theirstill frames such as the painting of the Mirror Dance in R.A. Salvatoresnovel Crystal Shard. The painting depicts two characters set in a darkenedbackground. The faint light of the moon casts shadows down upon the grassyfloor on which the sylvan warrior and human assassin battle. The glimmer of themoon reflects upon a small, nearby pool of water. A silver sparkle in thedistance marks the nearby city of Silvery Moon. A sneer of hatred is etched upon the face of the human assassin. His eyesglimmer with a taint of red to depict his blazing internal rage. The clothingworn by the human is black as the night, much like the hooded garbs of ancientJapanese Ninja, the only hint of color coming from his weapons. One of hishands holds a vicious blade, blackened like the coal inside a fireplace. Smallflecks of crimson blood decorate the tip of the blade, matching the fresh cutupon the arm of the elf. The legs of the human are crouched, as if he wereready any moment to leap savagely at his opponent. His secondary hand hosts asecond blade, much smaller than the other sword, his hand holds the secondaryblade inward, as if to flick it out at his adversary. The elven warrior casts an extremely different perspective upon the viewer. His eyes twinkle with the soft moonlight, and his smile welcomes the fiercebattle. The warriors robes flutter in a soft breeze, shining in the glow ofthe night. Even with his arm bleeding red from a cut which must have beeninflicted by the assassin, the warrior still maintains a look of regality. Thecrown adorning the top of his head, marks his royal heritage. The weaponscommanded by the warrior seem to take on a life of their own, his sword dancingto meet the twin blades of the assassin while a radiance resonating from hisshield, cast light upon the foe who prefers the stealth of night. Nature lies still for the battle between the two adversaries. The birds inflight, bend away from the loud clashing of swords, and the deer hide amongstthe trees in the forest. The people of the distant town of Silvery Moon watchfrom their doorways, huddled close to keep the chill of the night from freezingtheir bones. They look upon the scene with deep interest, the smiles of thechildren obviously cast upon their elven hero. The only other spectacle of notice is that of a young lady sitting upon a rockin the lake. She dons a robe of pure white, and holds in one hand, a swordwhich looks much to hard for the young woman to handle, while in her other arm,she softly strokes a harp, releasing tunes into the air. It would appear thatit is for the glory of the wealth of the sword, that these two fighters battleout against each other. From the eyes of the assassin, it appears that thisbattle will clearly be to the death. The warrior looks ready to accept thisfact, his sword arm bent in the motion to follow his parry with alife-threatening swing. The painting captures the essence of life and of battle. The thrill of thenight air ringing with swings of blades, and the excitement of the audience. Yet it also manages to depict the seriousness and consequences of the outcome ofthe duel. The flow of blood from a fresh wound, strikes reality into the stillscene and desperation into the situation of the two combatants. The paintingcaptures within its stillness, a legend and a reality. .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c , .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .postImageUrl , .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c , .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c:hover , .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c:visited , .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c:active { border:0!important; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c:active , .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6867b4c42fc7e8198a9934fb7c2a44c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ON LEARNING EssayCategory: Miscellaneous